Entrada final de Blog: Reflexión

Esta clase fué una sorpresa para mí en términos de aprendizaje, fué interezante el fortalecimiento de mi gramática del inglés, el cual utilizo y seguiré utilizando, a la par de ello considero muy adecuado el uso de herramientas informáticas para el desarrollo de las actividades. El curso está desprovisto de tensión y el aprendizaje se logra sin experiencias traumáticas. El uso de blogs, además de ser una herramienta cuyo aprendizaje es imprescindible en la alfabetización tecnológica, permite registrar continuamente los avances y facilita el acceso público de los mismos, lo cual socializa el aprendizaje y permite conectar experiencias entre los participantes. Sugiero que se mantenga la metodología empleando las TIC's en la educación.

Muchas gracias profesora Doris!

Taller final

Intersubjectivity 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersubjectivity

Intersubjectivity is a key term used in philosophy, psychology, sociology and anthropology to conceptualize the psychological relation between people. It is usually used in contrast to solipsistic individual experience, emphasizing our inherently social being.

Definition

The term has been defined in at least three ways[1]:

    First, in its weakest sense intersubjectivity refers to agreement. There is intersubjectivity between people if they agree on a given set of meanings or a definition of the situation. For example, Thomas Scheff defines intersubjectivity as "the sharing of subjective states by two or more individuals."[2]

    Second, and more subtly intersubjectivity refers to the "common-sense," shared meanings constructed by people in their interactions with each other and used as an everyday resource to interpret the meaning of elements of social and cultural life. If people share common sense, then they share a definition of the situation.[3]

    Third, the term has been used to refer to shared (or partially shared) divergences of meaning. Self-presentation, lying, practical jokes, and social emotions, for example, all entail not a shared definition of the situation, but partially shared divergences of meaning. Someone who is telling a lie is engaged in an intersubjective act because they are working with two different definitions of the situation. Lying is thus genuinely inter-subjective (in the sense of operating between two subjective definitions of reality).

Intersubjectivity emphasizes that shared cognition and consensus is essential in the shaping of our ideas and relations. Language, quintessentially, is viewed as communal rather than private. Therefore, it is problematic to view the individual as partaking in a private world, one which has a meaning defined apart from any other subjects. But in our shared divergence from a commonly understood experience, these private worlds of semi-solipsism naturally emerge.

Intersubjectivity can also be understood as the process of psychological energy moving between two or more subjects. In a room where someone is lying on their deathbed, for example, the room can appear to be enveloped in a shroud of gloom for other people interacting with the dying person. The psychological weight of one subject comes to bear on the minds of others depending on how they react to it, thereby creating an intersubjective experience that, without multiple consciousnesses interacting with each other, would be otherwise strictly solitary. Love is a prime example of intersubjectivity that implies a shared feeling of care and affection, among others.

A. Categorias lexicales y uso del diccionario.

1. Selecciona un texto relacionado con tu area de interes.

Identifica 3 palabras que no conoces. Buscalas en el diccionario, escribe su significado en español.. Agrega las abreviaciones. Indicar que tipo de palabra es (contenido- funcion)

• solipsistic. adj. Palabra de Contenido  

 Entails the theory that the self is the only thing that can be known and verified.

Implica la teoría de que el yo es la única cosa que puede ser conocida y verificada

• subtly. adv. Palabra de Contenido

So slight as to be difficult to detect or describe; elusive

Tan sutil que se hace difícil de detectar o describir; escurridizo

• quintessentially adv. Palabra de Contenido

Of, relating to, or having the nature of a quintessence; being the most typical

De, relacionado con, o poseedor de la naturaleza de quintaesencia; siendo el más típico

Word definitions from http://www.thefreedictionary.com 

2. Idea principal del texto (en español). Explique que dice el texto en sus propias palabras.

"Intersubjectivity is a key term used in philosophy, psychology, sociology and anthropology to conceptualize the psychological relation between people. "

• Idea principal: La Intersubjetividad es un término clave utilizado en filosofía, psicología, sociología y antropología para conceptualizar la relación psicológica entre las personas
• Resumen: el texto presenta las tres definiciones centrales relacionadas con la Intersubjetividad, la primera tiene que ver con el acuerdo que existe entre las personas con respecto a los significados compartidos, la segunda tiene que ver con el "sentido común", producto de la interacción social, y la tercera enfatiza la necesidad de consenso para la conformación de nuestras ideas y relaciones.

3. Categorias lexicales: (2 ejemplos por categoria)

Palabras de contenido: philosophy, contrast

Palabras de Función: for, the

Sustantivos: anthropolog, energy

Verbos: used, refer
Adverbio: partially, genuinely
Adjetivo: social, different
Artículo: The, a
Preposiciones: for, between
Conjunción: and, but
Cognados verdaderos: individual, cultural

Cognados Falsos: Prime

Sufijo: sharing, commonly
Prefijos: Intersubjectivity,  interactions

B. Estructura de la oracion:

1. Seleccione dos oraciones de un texto relacionado con su experticia. (Incluya referencia)

• Primera Oración: "Love is a prime example of intersubjectivity that implies a shared feeling of care and affection, among others."

Frase nominal:  "Love "

Nucleo de la frase nominal: Love

Pre modificadores:

Post modificadores:

Frase verbal: is a prime example of intersubjectivity that implies a shared feeling of care and affection, among others.

Nucleo de la frase verbal: is

Tiempo verbal: Presente simple (tercera persona singular)

• Segunda Oración: "The psychological weight of one subject comes to bear on the minds of others depending on how they react to it, thereby creating an intersubjective experience that, without multiple consciousnesses interacting with each other, would be otherwise strictly solitary "

Frase nominal:  "The psychological weight of one subject"

Nucleo de la frase nominal: weight

Pre modificadores: The psychological

Post modificadores: of one subject

Frase verbal: comes to bear on the minds of others depending on how they react to it, thereby creating an intersubjective experience that, without multiple consciousnesses interacting with each other, would be otherwise strictly solitary "

Nucleo de la frase verbal: comes

Tiempo verbal: Presente simple (tercera persona singular)

2. Señales algunos referentes presentes en su texto

It,  "The term"

Unidad 3

Técnicas de lectura: predicción, scanning y skimming

• Seleccione un texto que tenga una imagen.

Re-describing the conceptual presentation of collaborative intelligence in Polytopia as a playground of engagement.

http://spacecollective.org/Wildcat/5042/Considering-a-Polytopia-The-notes

It is my view that Collective Intelligence (CI’), though widely used, is a concept that is, for lack of a better description, misunderstood and probably misapplied, primarily because of the inadequacy of the term intelligence.
Intelligence is a very difficult concept to come to terms with, especially since our tendency to oversimplify language constructs pushes us towards a mode of monolithic thought, a regularity or normalization.
In many ways the term intelligence is not unlike the term culture, both are very broad terms referring to an increasingly expanding field of research, exploration and development.
In both cases the question of time need be inserted into the understanding of the concept for it to be coherent. Intelligence and culture are concepts that contain different levels of coherency, and to my eyes operate in a fashion that is similar to the fractal perspective. It is my view that intelligence is fundamentally Rhizomatic, and indeed so is culture, as is art.

note: The context in which the following definitions will be presented is that of the collective mind.
The collective mind context reflects the interaction of specific minds (individuals).
The interaction of individual minds is assumed (for the purpose of this context) to be consistent across all platforms of human existence/behavior and all platforms of communication.
In the context of the collective intelligence, an individual is assumed to be an agency, aware and conscious, intelligent and independent within the constraints of the material universe.

Observe la imagen y conteste las siguientes preguntas.

• De acuerdo al título y la imagen: ¿cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?

Como la inteligencia se comporta según el modelo de los fractales de manera colaborativa.

Luego lea el texto

• ¿Cuál es la idea general del texto? 

La inteligencia colectiva ha sido mal entendida muy a menudo. La inteligencia al igual que la cultura, es un concepto que opera de una manera similar a la perspectiva de los fractales.

• ¿Que palabras se repiten? 

  intelligence, Collective,  culture, mind

• ¿Que palabras se parecen al español? 

Collective,  language, fractal, communication

• ¿Cuales son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto? 

 "Re-describing the conceptual presentation of collaborative intelligence in Polytopia as a playground of engagement."

"Intelligence is fundamentally Rhizomatic"

El dibujo de un fractal

• ¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o la ultimas ideas del último párrafo.

 La Inteligencia Colectiva es un concepto mal entendido, ya que el término inteligencia es inadecuado, es colectva porque resulta de la interacción de los individuos.

Unidad 4

Patrones de Organización de un Párrafo

A. Seleccione un texto relacionado con su área de experticia. Lea el texto y extraiga:

Value (personal and cultural)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_values

A personal or cultural value' is an absolute or relative ethical value, the assumption of which can be the basis for ethical action. A value system is a set of consistent values and measures. A principle value is a foundation upon which other values and measures of integrity are based. Those values which are not physiologically determined and normally considered objective, such as a desire to avoid physical pain, seek pleasure, etc., are considered subjective, vary across individuals and cultures and are in many ways aligned with belief and belief systems. Types of values include ethical/moral value, doctrinal/ideological (religious, political) values, social values, and aesthetic values. It is debated whether some values which are not clearly physiologically determined are intrinsic such as altruism and whether some such as acquisitiveness should be valued as vices or virtues. Values have typically been studied in sociology; anthropology; social psychology; moral philosophy and business ethics.
Values can be defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes. As such, values reflect a person’s sense of right and wrong or what “ought” to be. “Equal rights for all”, "Excellence deserves admiration", and “People should be treated with respect and dignity” are representative of values. Values tend to influence attitudes and behavior. For example, if you value equal rights for all and you go to work for an organization that treats its managers much better than it does its workers, you may form the attitude that the company is an unfair place to work; consequently, you may not produce well or may perhaps leave the company. It is likely that if the company had a more egalitarian policy, your attitude and behaviors would have been more positive.

•  Las definiciones 

   "A personal or cultural value' is an absolute or relative ethical value, the assumption of which can be the basis for ethical action"

  "A value system is a set of consistent values and measures. "

  "A principle value is a foundation upon which other values and measures of integrity are based" 

  "Values can be defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes. "

• y los marcadores de definición. 

is an, is a, defined as

B. Seleccione otro texto relacionado con su área de experticia y extraiga las palabras de secuencia u ordenamiento del tiempo. (biography)

Edgar Morin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Edgar Morin is a French philosopher and sociologist born Edgar Nahoum in Paris on July 8, 1921. He is of Judeo-Spanish (Sefardi) origin. He is known for the transdisciplinarity of his works.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Morin's family migrated from the Greek town of Salonica to Marseille[1] and later to Paris, where Edgar was born. He first became tied to socialism in connection with the Popular Front and the Spanish Republican Government during the Spanish Civil War. When the Germans invaded France in 1940, Edgar fled to Toulouse, where he assisted refugees and committed himself to Marxist socialism. As a member of the French Resistance he adopted the pseudonym Morin, which he would use for the rest of his life. He joined the French Communist Party in 1941. In 1945, Morin married Violette Chapellaubeau and they lived in Landau, where he served as a Lieutenant in the French Occupation army in Germany.

In 1946, he returned to Paris and gave up his military career to pursue his activities with the Communist party. Due to his critical posture, his relationship with the party gradually deteriorated until he was expelled in 1951 after he published an article in Le Nouvel Observateur. In the same year, he was admitted to the National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS).

Morin founded and directed the magazine Arguments (1954–1962). In 1959 his book Autocritique was published.

In 1960, Morin travelled extensively in Latin America, visiting Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, Peru and Mexico.He returned to France where he published L'Esprit du Temps.

That same year, French sociologist Georges Friedmann brought him and Roland Barthes together to create a Centre for the Study of Mass Communication that, after several name-changes, became the Edgar Morin Centre of the EHESS, Paris.[2]

Beginning in 1965, Morin became involved in a large multidisciplinary project, financed by the Délégation Générale à la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique in Plozévet.

In 1968, Morin replaced Henri Lefebvre at the University of Nanterre. He became involved in the student revolts that began to emerge in France. In May 1968, he wrote a series of articles for Le Monde that tried to understand what he called "The Student Commune." He followed the student revolt closely and wrote a second series of articles in Le Monde called "The Revolution without a Face," as well as co-authoring Mai 68: La brèche with Cornelius Castoriadis and Claude Lefort.[3]

In 1969, Morin spent a year at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California.

In 1983, he published De la nature de l’URSS, which deepened his analysis of Soviet communism and anticipated the Perestroika of Mikhail Gorbachev.

Morin was married to Johanne Harrelle, with whom he lived for 15 years.

In 2002, Morin participated in the creation of the International Ethical, Scientific and Political Collegium.

• Marcadores de Tiempo y de Secuencia:

on , At the beginning, first, in, after, In the same year

Entrada final de Blog: Reflexión

Escribe una entrada final donde reflexiones sobre los aspectos de tu curso que te ayudaron a caminar esta aventura con éxito. incluye los siguientes aspectos:

1. Clases en el laboratorio
2. Materiales: presentaciones PPP, diccionarios, teléfono, computadoras
3. Compañeros de clase
4. Uso del blog como cuaderno digital
5. ¿puedes enfrentar un texto en ingles sin miedo?
6. ¿vas a continuar leyendo textos en ingles?
7. ¿que sugieres para los próximos cursos?

Marcadores del Discurso

Fractal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractal




A fractal is a mathematical set that has a fractal dimension that usually exceeds its topological dimension[1] and may fall between the integers.[2]. Fractals are typically self-similar patterns, where self-similar means they are "the same from near as from far"[3] Fractals may be exactly the same at every scale, or as illustrated in Figure 1, they may be nearly the same at different scales.[4][5][2][6] The definition of fractal goes beyond self-similarity per se to exclude trivial self-similarity and include the idea of a detailed pattern repeating itself.[2]:166; 18[4][7]
As mathematical equations, fractals are usually nowhere differentiable, which means that they cannot be measured in traditional ways.[6][2][8] An infinite fractal curve can be perceived of as winding through space differently from an ordinary line, still being a 1-dimensional line yet having a fractal dimension indicating it also resembles a surface. [2]:15[1]:48


Marcadores de Definición: is a, are, where, may be, which means
Definiciones: Un fractal es un conjunto matemático que posee una dimensión fractal que usualmente excede su dimensión topológica. Los fractales son comunmente patrones semejantes a sí mismos, lo que significa que son "lo mismo de cerca y de lejos". Los fractales pueden ser exactamente lo mismo en cualquier escala.

Jürgen Habermas

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas

Jürgen Habermas ( /ˈjɜrɡən/ or /ˈjʊərɡən ˈhɑːbərmɑːs/;[1] German: [ˈjʏʁɡən ˈhaːbɐmaːs]; born June 18, 1929) is a German sociologist and philosopher in the tradition of critical theory and pragmatism. He is perhaps best known for his theory on the concepts of 'communicative rationality' and the 'public sphere'. His work focuses on the foundations of social theory and epistemology, the analysis of advanced capitalistic societies and democracy, the rule of law in a critical social-evolutionary context, and contemporary politics, particularly German politics. Habermas's theoretical system is devoted to revealing the possibility of reason, emancipation, and rational-critical communication latent in modern institutions and in the human capacity to deliberate and pursue rational interests. Habermas is known for his work on the concept of modernity, particularly with respect to the discussions of "rationalization" originally set forth by Max Weber. While influenced by American pragmatism, action theory, and even poststructuralism, many of the central tenets of Habermas' thought remain broadly Marxist in nature. Global polls identified him as one of the leading intellectuals of the present.[2]


Born in Düsseldorf, Rhine Province, in 1929, to a middle class and rather traditional family, Habermas came of age in postwar Germany. In his early teens, during World War II, Habermas was profoundly affected by the war. The Nuremberg Trials were a key formative moment that brought home to him the depth of Germany's moral and political failure under National Socialism.

Until his graduation from gymnasium, Habermas lived in Gummersbach, near Cologne. His father, Ernst Habermas, was executive director of the Cologne Chamber of Industry and Commerce, and was described by Habermas as a Nazi sympathizer. He was brought up in a staunchly Protestant milieu, his grandfather being the director of the seminary in Gummersbach. He studied at the universities of Göttingen (1949/50), Zürich (1950/51), and Bonn (1951–54) and earned a doctorate in philosophy from Bonn in 1954 with a dissertation written on the conflict between the absolute and history in Schelling's thought, entitled, Das Absolute und die Geschichte. Von der Zwiespältigkeit in Schellings Denken ("The absolute and history: on the schism in Schelling's thought"). His dissertation committee included Erich Rothacker and Oskar Becker.

From 1956 on, he studied philosophy and sociology under the critical theorists Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Institute for Social Research, but because of a rift between the two over hisdissertation—Horkheimer had made unacceptable demands for revision—as well as his own belief that the Frankfurt School had become paralyzed with political skepticism and disdain for modern culture^[3]—he finished his habilitation in political science at theUniversity of Marburg under the Marxist Wolfgang Abendroth. His habilitation work was entitled, Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit; Untersuchungen zu einer Kategorie der Bürgerlichen Gesellschaft (published in English translation in 1989 as The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: an Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society). It is a detailed social history of the development of the bourgeois public sphere from its origins in the 18th century salons up to its transformation through the influence of capital-driven mass media. In 1961, he became a privatdozent in Marburg, and—in a move that was highly unusual for the German academic scene of that time—he was offered the position of "extraordinary professor" (professor without chair) of philosophy at the University of Heidelberg (at the instigation of Hans-Georg Gadamer and Karl Löwith) in 1962, which he accepted. In this same year he gained his first serious public attention, in Germany, with the publication of his habilitation. In 1964, strongly supported by Adorno, Habermas returned to Frankfurt to take over Horkheimer's chair in philosophy and sociology. The philosopher Albrecht Wellmer was his assistant in Frankfurt from 1966 to 1970.

Marcadores de Tiempo: in, during, until, from / to, this same year, From / on.

Jurgen Habermas: es un sociólogo y  filósofo alemán en la tradición de la teoría crítica y el pragmatismo que nació en Düsseldorf en 1929, en medio de una familia de clase media tradicional, creció en la Alemania post.guerra. En su adolescencia temprana, durante la segunda guerra mundial, fué muy afectado por los acontecimientos. Los juicios de Nuremberg fueron un momento formativo clave que le acercó a la profundidad de la falla moral y política de Alemania durante el Nacional Socialismo.

unidad 4 Patrones de Organización de un Párrafo

More PowerPoint presentations from doris molero

homework: técnicas de lectura, predicción, deducción, scanning y skimming

Can Evolution be the source of life in all its complexity?

http://www.christiananswers.net/q-eden/life-complexity.html

One need only look carefully at any living creature to gain some concept of their enormous complexity. If you have a pet, consider the complexities that must be involved enabling that “package of matter” to move about, play, remember, show signs of affection, eat, and reproduce!

If that is not enough to boggle your mind, imagine being given the task of constructing a similar living pet from carbon, calcium, hydrogen, oxygen, etc. the animal's basic constituent parts.

If you have ever held a beloved pet in your hands, completely limp and dead, you may have some comprehension of the helplessness of even the most intelligent and sophisticated scientist when it comes to the overwhelming problem of trying to create life.

In contrast, the natural world does not have the advantages people bring to the problem. In nature, there are only matter, energy, time, chance and the physical laws no guiding force, no purpose, and no goal.

Yet, even with all of modern man's accumulated knowledge, advanced tools, and experience, we are still absolutely overwhelmed at the complexities. This is despite the fact that we are certainly not starting from absolute zero in this problem, for there are millions of actual living examples of life to scrutinize.

Predicción, deducción y skimming

• ¿Cual es el tópico que está a punto de leer?

Posibles dudas acerca de la teoría de la evolución para explicar la existencia de los seres vivos

• Idea general del texto

La vida es muy compleja para poder ser producto de la evolución

• Palabras que se repiten

Life/living, complexity

• Palabras que se parecen al español

Concept, reproduce, animal, calcium, hydrogen, intelligent

• Palabras en negritas, títulos, subtítulos o gráficos.

"Can Evolution be the source of life in all its complexity?"

Imagen del perro (ilustra un ser vivo)

• ¿De qué trata el texto?

La vida es muy compleja y el ser humano a pesar de todo su conocimiento sigue asombrado de ella.

Scanning

Viktor Frankl

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Viktor Emil Frankl M.D., Ph.D. (March 26, 1905, Leopoldstadt, Vienna^{[1][Full citation needed]} – September 2, 1997, Vienna) was an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist as well as a Holocaust survivor. Frankl was the founder of logotherapy, which is a form of Existential Analysis, the "Third Viennese School of Psychotherapy". His best-selling book, Man's Search for Meaning (published under a different title in 1959: From Death-Camp to Existentialism, and originally published in 1946 as trotzdem Ja zum Leben sagen: Ein Psychologe erlebt das Konzentrationslager), chronicles his experiences as a concentration camp inmate based on his psychotherapeutic method of finding meaning in all forms of existence, even the most sordid ones, and thus a reason to continue living. Frankl was one of the key figures in existential therapy and a prominent source of inspiration for humanistic psychologists.

 

 Prisoner, therapist

On September 25, 1942 he, along with his wife and his parents, was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp. There Frankl worked as a general practitioner in a clinic until his skill in psychiatry was noticed, when he was asked to establish a special unit to help newcomers to the camp overcome shock and grief. He later set up a suicide watch unit,^[4] and all intimations of suicide were reported to him. To maintain his own feeling of being worthy of his sufferings in the dismal conditions, he would frequently march outside and deliver a lecture to an imaginary audience about "Psychotherapeutic Experiences in a Concentration Camp". He believed that by fully experiencing the suffering objectively, he would thereby end it.^[5]

PREGUNTAS A RESPONDER

1. Fecha de Nacimiento: 26 de Marzo de 1905
2. Profesión: Psicólogo y Neurólogo
3. Nacionalidad: Austriaca
4. Principal logro: Fundó la Logoterapia

 

 

Taller Unidades 1 y 2

Complexity theory and organizations
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexity_theory_and_organizations

1. "Complexity theory has been used extensively in the field of strategic management and organizational studies. It is used in these domains for understanding how organizations or firms adapt to their environments. The theory treats organizations and firms as collections of strategies and structures. When the organization or firm shares the properties of other complex adaptive systems – which is often defined as consisting of a small number of relatively simple and partially connected structures – they are more likely to adapt to their environment and, thus, survive. Complexity-theoretic thinking has been present in strategy and organizational studies since their inception as academic disciplines.
Complex adaptive systems (CAS) are contrasted with ordered and chaotic systems by the relationship that exists between the system and the agents which act within it. In an ordered system the level of constraint means that all agent behaviour is limited to the rules of the system. In a chaotic system the agents are unconstrained and susceptible to statistical and other analysis. In a CAS, the system and the agents co-evolve; the system lightly constrains agent behaviour, but the agents modify the system by their interaction with it."

• Inception: El comienzo de algo.

The beginning of something, such as an undertaking; a commencement.

Abreviatura: n.
Palabra de Contenido

• Chaotic: Perteneciente a un sistema dinámico que posee una dependencia sensible de sus condiciones iniciales.

Adjetive form of the word "Chaos". A dynamical system that has a sensitive dependence on its initial conditions.
Abreviatura: adj.
Palabra de Contenido

• Constraint : estar restringido o confinado a unos límites prescritos.

The state of being restricted or confined within prescribed bounds.
Abreviatura: n.
Palabra de Contenido

2. Idea principal: "Complexity theory has been used extensively in the field of strategic management and organizational studies. "

Contenido del texto: El texto explica la aplicación extendida de la Teoría de la Complejidad en el campo de la gerencia  y los estudios organizacionales. Dicha teoría considera a las organizaciones como sistemas adaptativos complejos cuyas propiedades deben ser compartidas con el resto de los sistemas a fin de incrementar sus posibilidades de sobrevivir.

3. Categorias lexicales:

Palabras de contenido: Theory, field

Palabras de Función: of , as

Sustantivos: organizations, systems

Verbos: used, adapt

Adverbio: extensively, partially

Adjetivo: strategic, complex

Artículo: The, an

Preposiciones: For, by

Conjunción:  and, or,

Cognados verdaderos: organizational, simple

Cognados Falsos: firms

Sufijo: understanding, extensively

Prefijos: constraint, unconstrained

B. Estructura de la oracion:

Primera Oración: "Complexity theory has been used extensively in the field of strategic management and organizational studies."

Frase Nominal:  Complexity theory
Núcleo de la frase Nominal : "Theory"
Premodificador: Complexity

Frase Verbal: "has been used extensively in the field of strategic management and organizational studies."
Núcleo de la Frase verbal: "Has been used"
Tiempo Verbal: Voz Pasiva- Presente perfecto progresivo

Segunda Oración: "The theory treats organizations and firms as collections of strategies and structures."
Frase Nominal:  The theory
Núcleo de la frase Nominal : "Theory"
Premodificador: The

Frase Verbal: "treats organizations and firms as collections of strategies and structures."
Núcleo de la Frase verbal: treats
Tiempo Verbal: Presente Simple (tercera persona)

Referenciales: It, which, they,

UNIDAD 2

Primera Oración: "Positive Psychology is the scientific study of the strengths and virtues"

1. Frase Nominal: "Positive Psychology"
Núcleo de frase nominal: "Psychology"
Premodificador: "Positive"

2. Frase Verbal: "is the scientific study of the strengths and virtues"
Núcleo de frase verbal: "is"

Segunda Oración: "The Positive Psychology Center promotes research, training, education, and the dissemination of Positive Psychology"

1. Frase Nominal: "The Positive Psychology Center"
Núcleo de frase nominal: "Center"
Premodificador: "The Positive Psychology"

2. Frase Verbal: "promotes research, training, education, and the dissemination of Positive Psychology"
Núcleo de frase verbal: "Promotes"